Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent ever recorded

ScienceDaily (Aug. 27, 2012) ? The blanket of sea ice floating on the Arctic Ocean melted to its lowest extent ever recorded since satellites began measuring it in 1979, according to the University of Colorado Boulder's National Snow and Ice Data Center.

On Aug. 26, the Arctic sea ice extent fell to 1.58 million square miles, or 4.10 million square kilometers. The number is 27,000 square miles, or 70,000 square kilometers below the record low daily sea ice extent set Sept. 18, 2007. Since the summer Arctic sea ice minimum normally does not occur until the melt season ends in mid- to late September, the CU-Boulder research team expects the sea ice extent to continue to dwindle for the next two or three weeks, said Walt Meier, an NSID scientist.

"It's a little surprising to see the 2012 Arctic sea ice extent in August dip below the record low 2007 sea ice extent in September," he said. "It's likely we are going to surpass the record decline by a fair amount this year by the time all is said and done."

On Sept. 18, 2007, the September minimum extent of Arctic sea ice shattered all satellite records, reaching a five-day running average of 1.61 million square miles, or 4.17 million square kilometers. Compared to the long-term minimum average from 1979 to 2000, the 2007 minimum extent was lower by about a million square miles -- an area about the same as Alaska and Texas combined, or 10 United Kingdoms.

While a large Arctic storm in early August appears to have helped to break up some of the 2012 sea ice and helped it to melt more quickly, the decline seen in in recent years is well outside the range of natural climate variability, said Meier. Most scientists believe the shrinking Arctic sea ice is tied to warming temperatures caused by an increase in human-produced greenhouse gases pumped into Earth's atmosphere.

CU-Boulder researchers say the old, thick multi-year ice that used to dominate the Arctic region has been replaced by young, thin ice that has survived only one or two melt seasons -- ice which now makes up about 80 percent of the ice cover. Since 1979, the September Arctic sea ice extent has declined by 12 percent per decade.

The record-breaking Arctic sea ice extent in 2012 moves the 2011 sea ice extent minimum from the second to the third lowest spot on record, behind 2007. Meier and his CU-Boulder colleagues say they believe the Arctic may be ice-free in the summers within the next several decades.

"The years from 2007 to 2012 are the six lowest years in terms of Arctic sea ice extent in the satellite record," said Meier. "In the big picture, 2012 is just another year in the sequence of declining sea ice. We have been seeing a trend toward decreasing minimum Arctic sea ice extents for the past 34 years, and there's no reason to believe this trend will change."

The Arctic sea ice extent as measured by scientists is the total area of all Arctic regions where ice covers at least 15 percent of the ocean surface, said Meier.

Scientists say Arctic sea ice is important because it keeps the polar region cold and helps moderate global climate -- some have dubbed it "Earth's air conditioner." While the bright surface of Arctic sea ice reflects up to 80 percent of the sunlight back to space, the increasing amounts of open ocean there -- which absorb about 90 percent of the sunlight striking the Arctic -- have created a positive feedback effect, causing the ocean to heat up and contribute to increased sea ice melt.

Earlier this year, a national research team led by CU embarked on a two-year effort to better understand the impacts of environmental factors associated with the continuing decline of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. The $3 million, NASA-funded project led by Research Professor James Maslanik of aerospace engineering sciences includes tools ranging from unmanned aircraft and satellites to ocean buoys in order to understand the characteristics and changes in Arctic sea ice, including the Beaufort Sea and Canada Basin that are experiencing record warming and decreased sea ice extent.

NSIDC is part of CU-Boulder's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences -- a joint institute of CU-Boulder and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration headquartered on the CU campus -- and is funded primarily by NASA. NSIDC's sea ice data come from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder sensor on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F17 satellite using methods developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/lYn6QuZ4AYQ/120827130726.htm

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Source: http://gocrazyseo.org/social-media-management-best-help/

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Who is to blame for UFC 151 cancellation?

Plenty of anger bubbled up after UFC 151 was canceled. From UFC president Dana White to fans who posted on Cagewriter's Facebook page, people are angry there won't be fights in Las Vegas next weekend. Anger quickly turns into a search for blame. Who do you blame for UFC 151's demise?

Jon Jones: When an injury happens, fighters often have to make sacrifices to still be able to fight. Ask Rich Franklin about the many times he has stepped up when the UFC needed him to, and how he's been rewarded. Jones didn't do that, and missed out on an opportunity to win a ton of fans. He made a business decision, but now will have to face the business consequences for how fans react when fights at UFC 152.

The UFC: In planning a top-heavy card with UFC 151, they were playing with fire. Main event fighters are injured all the time. Even Jones has had to postpone fights for an injury. Putting a holiday weekend pay-per-view on the backs of two fighters was begging for a problem, as was hoping for a late replacement after a very busy summer of MMA.

Greg Jackson: UFC president Dana White threw some blame towards Jackson, Jones' coach.

"Jones's trainer, Greg Jackson, told Jon that taking the fight with Chael would be the biggest mistake of his life. That's what he told Jon Jones. Let me tell you, this guy (Greg Jackson) is a sport killer," White said on a media conference call.

"When you are a champion, much less one of the guys who is supposed to be one of the best pound-for-pound fighters in the world, you are supposed to step up. Jon Jones is a guy a lot of fans don't like, and I don't think this is going to make him any more popular. Lorenzo Fertitta (UFC chairman and CEO) and I are disgusted with Jon Jones and Greg Jackson."

Dan Henderson's knee: And here we come to the real culprit behind the cancellation of UFC 151. How dare you become injured when training in a brutal, dangerous sport, knee?

Canada: Always blame Canada.

Does any one person or group deserve the blame for UFC 151 being canceled? Tell us in the comments, on Facebook or on Twitter.

Other popular content on Yahoo! Sports:
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Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/blame-ufc-151-cancellation-120222893--mma.html

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Ron Paul's Convention Tribute Could Bring Israel Problems For GOP

Benjy Sarlin August 24, 2012, 12:46 PM

Mitt Romney?s campaign announced Friday that Ron Paul would receive a video tribute at the convention ? part of an effort to appease Paul supporters and to highlight Romney?s supposedly warm relationship with the Texas congressman. But Paul?s opposition to aid to Israel, his dismissal of Iran?s nuclear program and his newsletters? shout-outs to antisemitic conspiracy theories could complicate the GOP?s outreach to Jewish voters.

Former New York City Mayor Ed Koch, an Obama supporter and one the most prominent pro-Israel voices in the Democratic Party, said Paul?s convention role drags down the Republican brand among Jewish voters.

?This will make it easier for me when I go to Florida and talk about not only the fact that the Republicans want to destroy Medicare and Social Security and Medicaid and the right of abortion ? they also allow someone who I see as an old David Duke to join their ranks,? Koch said. ?I?ll be there talking primarily to the Jewish community, and I think they will understand what that means.?

Koch has broken with the president in the past over Israel. In 2011, he endorsed Republican candidate Bob Turner in a special House election last year, a move aimed at pushing the White House closer the Israel.

Romney often uses Israel as a wedge issue against Obama. After a trip to Israel last month, he ran ads challenging the White House to break with bipartisan past precedent and move the U.S. embassy to Jerusalem. But Romney has overlooked his and Paul?s policy differences in favor of stressing their friendship.

?Rep. Paul?s people came to us and said they?d like to do a short tribute to him, and we said absolutely, it would be a good time to do that,? Romney strategist Russ Schriefer told reporters on Friday, citing the ?mutual respect? between Paul and Romney.

David Harris, president of the National Jewish Democratic Council, told TPM that Romney?s embrace of Paul at the convention was ?profoundly disturbing and utterly unsurprising? and urged pro-Israel Republicans to walk out during the Paul tribute.

?The GOP has utterly failed the ethics and moral test of dealing with Paul,? he said.

Nonpartisan and Republican Jewish groups have clashed with Paul in the past as have pro-Israel conservative pundits. During the primaries, conservative Washington Post blogger Jennifer Rubin called the GOP?s failure to isolate Paul ?appalling to those familiar with his racist and anti-Semitic newsletters? and said his success ?should be an object lesson to the party in general and to the other candidates specifically about treating him respectfully.?

The Republican Jewish Coalition barred Paul from a candidate forum last year, citing his ?misguided and extreme views.? But the RJC seemed reluctant to even acknowledge Paul?s inclusion.

?We are pleased that Ron Paul was denied any formal speaking role at the convention and that the RNC has worked so that his name will not even be put in nomination,? RJC executive director Matt Brooks told TPM in a statement. ?This reflects the broad consensus that Ron Paul and his views are outside of the mainstream of the Republican Party.?

Richard Grenell, a former spokesman for Romney on foreign policy, told TPM that ?Ron Paul?s commitment to limit government?s involvement in our daily lives is the future of the Republican Party.?

He added: ?I only wish Ron Paul?s foreign policy positions could be outsourced to John Bolton.?

2012, 2012 presidential campaign, Israel, Mitt Romney, Ron Paul

Benjy Sarlin

Benjy Sarlin is a reporter for Talking Points Memo and co-writes the campaign blog, TPM2012. He previously reported for The Daily Beast/Newsweek as their Washington Correspondent and covered local politics for the New York Sun.

Source: http://2012.talkingpointsmemo.com/2012/08/ron-pauls-convention-tribute-undercuts-gops-israel-message.php

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Nikkei: Japan government to broaden disclosure of CHAdeMo quick-charging standards

Nikkei: Japan government to broaden disclosure of CHAdeMo quick-charging standards

The Nikkei reports that the Japan government will broaden its disclosure of CHAdeMo quick-charging technology standards for electric vehicles, currently known by only a few automakers, to promote the spread of EVs and related industries.

The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry aims to accelerate the development of charging infrastructure, which is still not widespread. METI also hopes the effort will pave the way for lower EV prices by encouraging more competition.

Details of the CHAdeMo charging technology, developed by Nissan Motor Co. , Toyota Motor Corp. and others, will be made available at Thursday?s meeting of the Japanese industrial standards committee, an advisory panel to the industry minister. The standard is currently available to some automakers and power companies. Details to be disclosed about the technology include the shape of the plug that connects the car to the charger, and how to prevent electrocutions.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/greencarcongress/TrBK/~3/cu4ZEraDRpM/chademo-20120824.html

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Switch to 5-Year Follow-Up Could Still Prevent Colorectal Cancer ...

Researchers in Germany have assessed the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients who had an adenoma detected and removed, finding longer-term follow-up would still lower risk of CRC development. The population based case-control study is published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.

?Risk of CRC was strongly and significantly reduced even between 3 and 5 years after detection and removal of high-risk adenomas,? according to Hermann Brenner, MD, of the University of Heidelberg in Heidelberg, Germany and coauthors. ?Strong, significant risk reduction within 5 years after colonoscopic polypectomy was consistently seen among both women and men, and among both younger (less than 70 years) and older (greater than 70 years) patients.? This assessment included both patients with and without a previous history of CRC.

The study suggests that the low risk of detecting CRC within a 3-year time period can be extended to 5 years after a patient has had a polypectomy?even if the polyp removed was a high-risk adenoma.

While observational evidence suggests patients who had an adenoma removed from their colon during a colonoscopy may be more at risk for recurrence, studies assessing the risk of CRC after polyp removal is scarce. Colonoscopies are recommended as a primary screening tool but an outstanding question is the time to next surveillance for those patients who have had a polyp removed. In the United States, the current guidelines, updated in 2006, suggest those patients with a low-risk polyp need to be rescreened within 5 to 10 years, while those with a high-risk polyp should be followed up after 3 years. These recommendations are based on subsequent polyp, not CRC recurrence. The authors of the current study highlight overuse of colonoscopy screening for patients with a history of low-risk polyps, and underuse in patients with a history of high-risk polyps. Defining surveillance windows is important because as many as 30% of patients have a polyp removed upon their first colonoscopy.

All patients were from Germany, and their previous records of large-bowel endoscopies were reviewed. In total 2,582 patients with a history of CRC and 1,789 controls were analyzed in the study. Most participants were between 60 and 79 of age?the median age was 69 among patients, and 70 among the control group;160 patients and 264 controls had polyps detected and removed within the last 10 years of analysis. The typical patient who had a polyp removed was older and male compared to the study participants who had no polyps detected.

Those participants who had a colonoscopy within the last 5 years had a strongly reduced risk of CRC compared to participants with no previous colonoscopy. Relative risk reduction was 80% for participants who had had a polypectomy within a 3-year time period and 60% for those who had a polypectomy within a 3- to 5-year time period. Those patients who last had a colonoscopy 6 to 10 years ago had the same risk as participants who had no previous history of a colonoscopy.

When patients with a previous history of CRC were excluded, there was a risk reduction for those who had a polypectomy within 5 years, but it was not statistically significant compared to patients who went longer than 5 years between colonoscopies. There was a strong risk reduction for patients who had a colonoscopy within 5 years of a previous polypectomy that removed a high-risk polyp. Relative risk reduction was 60% for a subsequent colonoscopy within 3 years of the previous one, and 50% if the colonoscopy was within 5 years of the previous procedure.

The authors state that because they observed a similar risk of detecting a new polyp in the 3-year and 5-year time frame, the results challenge the ?common understanding that a surveillance interval of 3 years is needed after detection and removal of high-risk adenomas, which is mainly based on studies that focused on risk of advanced adenomas following colonoscopic polypectomy.? Because most advanced adenomas progress slowly to CRC, extension of surveillance to a 5-year time frame is plausible. The authors highlight that while there is a low risk of CRC after polyp removal within a 5-year time frame, the risk returns beyond 5 years, even following a negative colonoscopy, likely due to an inherited risk component.

Overall, the authors propose that a shift toward more first-time colonoscopies is needed, and surveillance for those who have had a previous colonoscopy?even if a high-risk polyp was removed?could be extended to a 5-year interval. The time to subsequent colonoscopy could even be extended further for those who had a low-risk polyp or negative colonoscopy.

Source: http://www.cancernetwork.com/colorectal-cancer/content/article/10165/2098326?CID=rss

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